Gopal Singh, the founder of the Jat principality in the 18th century, established his base in Ballabhgarh, a region located in present-day Haryana. Ballabhgarh was a significant center of Jat power, particularly during the decline of Mughal authority and the rise of regional states in northern India. Gopal Singh's leadership marked the beginning of a notable Jat rule in the region, contributing to the formation of a new political entity that would have a lasting influence in the area. His efforts to consolidate power in Ballabhgarh played a crucial role in the rise of the Jat community as a formidable political force.

Ballabhgarh was strategically located near key trade routes, which made it an important hub for the Jat population. This proximity allowed Gopal Singh to gain both economic and military strength, which he used to assert control over surrounding areas. His base in Ballabhgarh provided a stronghold from which he could resist external invasions and challenge the authority of Mughal officials in the region. As a Jat ruler, Gopal Singh was able to establish his influence over parts of Haryana and the neighboring regions, including areas like Faridabad and Gurugram.

The establishment of Ballabhgarh as a Jat principality is significant because it marked a shift in the political landscape of northern India during the 18th century. This period saw the gradual breakdown of Mughal central authority, and regional powers like the Jats, Sikhs, Rajputs, and Marathas began to assert themselves. Gopal Singh, with his base in Ballabhgarh, was able to carve out a kingdom for the Jats, who had previously been marginalized in the larger political structure. His efforts were vital in securing Jat autonomy and in giving the Jat community a strong foothold in the region.

In 1910, the Mughal Faujdar (military commander) of Faridabad officially recognized the authority of Gopal Singh as the Chaudhary of Ballabhgarh, formalizing his rule and solidifying the Jat principality. Under his leadership, the Jats not only established political control over this region but also flourished in terms of land revenue, agricultural production, and military strength. The legacy of Gopal Singh and Ballabhgarh is remembered as a turning point in the rise of Jat power in Haryana and surrounding areas, which continued to influence regional politics even after Gopal Singh's death in 1941.

Hence Option A is Correct.

Hasan Khan Mewati was a prominent ruler of Mewat, a region situated between Delhi and Alwar, who played an important role in the politics of northern India during the early 16th century. He was a significant figure in the Mewati region, which was under the control of the Lodhi dynasty during the time of Ibrahim Lodhi. However, after the defeat of Ibrahim Lodhi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 by the forces of Babur, Hasan Khan Mewati asserted his independence and attempted to resist Babur’s expansion into the northern territories. His resistance came to a head in 1527, when he faced Babur in battle and was ultimately defeated.

In 1527, Babur, who had recently established the Mughal Empire after his victory at Panipat, launched a series of campaigns to consolidate his rule over northern India. Hasan Khan Mewati, along with other regional rulers, resisted Babur's advances. Despite his resistance, Hasan Khan's forces were decisively defeated by Babur's well-organized and superior army at the Battle of Khanwa, which took place near the town of Khanwa, close to present-day Rajasthan. This battle was a crucial part of Babur’s strategy to establish his dominance over the entire northern region of India. The defeat of Hasan Khan Mewati marked a significant moment in the establishment of Mughal authority over Mewat.

Following his defeat at the Battle of Khanwa, Hasan Khan Mewati was killed, and his death marked the decline of Mewat's resistance to Mughal rule. His son, Nahar Khan, was captured by Babur and imprisoned, further solidifying Mughal control over the region. T

Hasan Khan Mewati's resistance and subsequent defeat at the hands of Babur highlights the regional power struggles that were characteristic of 16th-century India. His defeat is also symbolic of the larger shift from local kingdoms and regional powers to the centralized Mughal rule that would dominate the Indian subcontinent for centuries to come. Despite his defeat, Hasan Khan's legacy as a regional ruler who attempted to challenge the emerging Mughal Empire remains an important chapter in the history of northern India. His struggle was one of many that preceded the establishment of Mughal hegemony over the Indian subcontinent.

Hence Option A is Correct.

Anangpal II was a significant historical figure who belonged to the Tomar dynasty, an important Rajput dynasty in North India. The Tomars were known for their military strength, architectural contributions, and cultural impact, particularly in the Delhi region. The Tomar dynasty's legacy includes the establishment of the city of Delhi, which would later become the heart of many subsequent empires. Anangpal II is one of the key rulers in this dynasty's history, known for his contributions to the fortifications and infrastructural development of Delhi. He ruled during the 11th century and is credited with laying the foundation for the future prominence of Delhi.

The Tomar dynasty's most notable achievements came during the rule of Anangpal II, who is believed to have constructed Lal Kot, the first fort of Delhi. This fort was an important military structure that marked the rise of Delhi as a prominent region in northern India. By constructing the fort, Anangpal not only secured his territories but also contributed to the strengthening of the Rajput presence in the region. The fort's construction marked the beginning of a long and complex history that would later see Delhi become a major political and cultural center under subsequent dynasties.

In addition to Lal Kot, Anangpal II was also responsible for constructing several other key structures, including the Iron Pillar of Delhi in 1052 AD. The Iron Pillar is an enduring marvel of ancient Indian metallurgy and engineering. Standing at about 7 meters high, the pillar is famous for its corrosion-resistant properties, showcasing the advanced technological skills of the time. This pillar, located near the Qutub Minar in Delhi, is often cited as an example of the high level of sophistication achieved by ancient Indian artisans. The construction of such a monument further solidified Anangpal II's reputation as a ruler with a strong interest in architecture and innovation.

Anangpal II's reign also laid the groundwork for the later political developments in the Delhi region. Although his dynasty eventually weakened after his death, the foundations of Delhi as a major urban center remained intact. His efforts in fortifying and developing the city contributed to the establishment of Delhi as a political and cultural hub that would later be claimed by other dynasties such as the Chauhans and eventually the Mughals. His legacy, especially through the Iron Pillar and Lal Kot, continues to resonate in the history of Delhi and remains a testament to the power and influence of the Tomar dynasty in medieval India.

Hence Option C is Correct.